MICROARRAY
USE
Microarrays are a genetic tool commonly used in medicine. This tool is used for viewing gene expression from different cell types of an organism. One common example of the use of microarray is to view the difference of gene expression in cancer cells from normal cells. The process can be seen in the image on the left.
To begin a microarray experiment mRNA is extracted from a RNA sample. mRNA can easily be detected because of the poly-A tail it acquires after transcription from the DNA. Next, fluorescent labeled nucleotides are incorporated into the new cDNA. This helps the healthy cells stay separate from the cancer cells. The tagged cDNA is then placed on microarrays to hybridize with DNA chosen to complement certain genes. When the cDNA is firmly established with the chosen DNA strands, the fluorescence is viewed and data is collected. Finally, data is collected that views which genes are being expressed in which cells, determined by the tags [1].
Microarray experimental data is stored in an international online data base called GEO by NCBI. The GEO databases included many experiments associated with the HDC protein, however, none of them were related to Tourette syndrome. The example below of a GEO data set shows the gene expression associated in healthy and cancer cells related to gastric cancer. Histidine decarboxylase is associated with gastric cancer through its role in regulating gastric juices.
To begin a microarray experiment mRNA is extracted from a RNA sample. mRNA can easily be detected because of the poly-A tail it acquires after transcription from the DNA. Next, fluorescent labeled nucleotides are incorporated into the new cDNA. This helps the healthy cells stay separate from the cancer cells. The tagged cDNA is then placed on microarrays to hybridize with DNA chosen to complement certain genes. When the cDNA is firmly established with the chosen DNA strands, the fluorescence is viewed and data is collected. Finally, data is collected that views which genes are being expressed in which cells, determined by the tags [1].
Microarray experimental data is stored in an international online data base called GEO by NCBI. The GEO databases included many experiments associated with the HDC protein, however, none of them were related to Tourette syndrome. The example below of a GEO data set shows the gene expression associated in healthy and cancer cells related to gastric cancer. Histidine decarboxylase is associated with gastric cancer through its role in regulating gastric juices.
ANALYSIS
GEO profiles may not have had any data on Tourette syndrome and HDC because the data was just published in January 2014. Later on, microarray data may include Tourette syndrome and the genes associated with the disease.
GEO PROFILE OF HDC AND GASTRIC CANCER
REFERNCES
1 "DNA Microarray" Learn.Genetics. Retrieved 9 May 2014. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/microarray/
1 "DNA Microarray" Learn.Genetics. Retrieved 9 May 2014. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/microarray/
University of Wisconsin – Madison
Spring 2014 Genetics 564 |
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